Labala yapadera yalowa m'malo mwa zinthu za raba wamba m'magawo ambiri, makamaka m'makampani amagalimoto, ndikuchita kwake kwapadera komanso kopambana。Malinga ndi zofunikira za magawo osiyanasiyana a rabara agalimoto, zida zapadera za raba ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana。
Mapaipi osiyanasiyana, rabara othamanga kwambiri pamagalimoto akutenga mphira wapadera pang'onopang'ono kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri
巴利语magawo ambiri a rabara omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto ndipo amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamakina amgalimoto。Mwachitsanzo, tepi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa zoyenda, zisindikizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza mafuta kapena mafuta O-rings amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula zakumwa kapena mpweya, ndipo ma横盖amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera。Madzi kapena mpweya。Zofunikira za mtundu ndi ntchito za rabara zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana。Zinthuzo zidzasankhidwa malinga ndi kukana kwake kwa lawi, kukana mafuta, kukana kutentha, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kochepa komanso mphamvu yosindikiza。Nthawi zina, zida zosiyanasiyana zimatha kusankhidwa pa chipangizo chimodzi, makamaka kutengera kutentha kwa nchito, mafuta ndi mafuta amtundu wamafuta komanso kapangidwe ka galimoto。
Injini yamagalimoto
兰wanthawi
Lamba wanthawiyo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa曲轴凸轮kuti iyende bwino。Poyerekeza ndi unyolo wachitsulo, lamba wa同步amatha kuchepetsa phokoso lolumikizana pakati pa lamba ndi链轮，safuna mafuta, ndipo ali ndi makhalidwe opepuka。Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwake, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pagalimoto yama axis ambiri。Ku日本，magalimoto opitilra 70% amagwiritsa ntchito malamba a同步，pomwe Ku欧洲，opitilra 80% amagwiritsa ntchito malamba olumikizana。
M'mbuyomu, lamba wolumikizira mphira anali wokutdwa ndi氯丁橡胶(CR)。Komabe, mphira wa氢化丁二烯(HNBR) uli ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri, motero wakhala akugwiritsidwa nchito kwambiri m'malamba amtundu wamagalimoto。Magwiridwe athunthu a HNBR ndi apamwamba kuposa CR, ndipo ili ndi modulus yokhazikika, yotsika kutentha, kukana kutentha ndi kukana kwa ozoni, kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kukana bwino kwamafuta pakutentha kwakukulu。
Poyesa ntchito ya tepi, mulingo wokana kutentha wa HNBR ndi 40°C wokwera kuposa wa CR wophimba mphira panthawi yomweyi。Pa nthawi yomweyo, moyo utumiki HNBR ndi kawiri kuposa CR, ndi耐久性kuposa 100000公里。
Zisindikizo ndi垫圈
Makina osindikizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupewa kutayikira kwamadzi kapena zinthu zina。Nthawi zina zitsulo, pulasitiki kapena nsalu zimagwiritsidwa nchito popanga zisindikizo, koma Nthawi zambiri mphira amagwiritsidwa nchito。Mafuta opaka Mafuta amtundu wa petroleum akagwiritsidwa ntchito pamainjini ndi makina otumizira, zida zosindikizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala mphira wa butydiene (NBR)， mphira wa acrylate (ACM)， mphira wa silikoni (VMQ) kapena fluoro开云体育台球rrubber (FPM)。
Mafuta a injini amafunikira moyo wautali wiki, kukhuthala kochepa (kupulumutsa Mafuta)， kutsekemera kosalala pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu等。Choncho, mafuta injini nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana。NBR idzawonongeka kwambiri m'malo oyeretsa，抗老化剂ndi抗磨剂，pamene HNBR, FPM ndi ACM ikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zogwira nchito pambuyo pomizidwa mu mafuta omwe ali ndi zowonjezera kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali。Ngakhale mphamvu yamphhamvu ya ACM ndiyotsika, imatha kukhalabe yokhazikika pazowonjezera zonse kupatula烷基磷酸ndi环烷酸铅。Zakuthupi za FPM sizokwera, koma zimakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana mafuta。Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa HNBR ndikokwera kwambiri pakati pa ma 开云体育台球rubber awa, ndipo kukana kwake pazowonjezera zosiyanasiyana ndikwabwino kwambiri。二硫代磷酸锌，yokha ndiyomwe imakhudza pang'ono。
Kwa nthawi yayitali, makampani opanga magalimoto akhala akugwiritsa ntchito NBR ndi mphira wa cork kupanga ma gaskets a injini, koma tsopano amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ACM ndi VMQ kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za kukana kutentha, kusindikiza mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwapakati。M'mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, VMQ ndi yabwino kuposa ACM pakusinthasintha kwa kutentha komanso kukana kutentha, koma VMQ imafewetsa kwambiri itatha kumizidwa mumafuta injini kwa nthawi yayitali。Mosiyana ndi izi, FPM ndi ACM siziwonongeka。
拍拍雅散热器yamafuta ndi chitoliro choperekera mpweya
Chubu cha rabara cha散热器yamafuta opaka mafuta ndi Chubu cha rabara cha散热器yamafuta chimapangidwa makamaka ndi mphira wamkati wa NBR ndi rabala wakunja CR.Pofuna kukonza kukana kutentha, mphira wa氯化醚(ECO) ndi氯化聚乙烯(CM) amagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndipo tsopano ACM ndi AEM amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri。Chitoliro choperekera mpweya ndi Chitoliro cholowetsa chiyenera kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino, kukana nyengo, kuyamwitsa kugwedezeka, kukana kugwa kwa vacuum ndi kukana mafuta。马氏弹性体(monga CR, NBR/PVC, EPDM, ECO, CM, ACM) ndi马氏弹性体热塑性(monga kuphatikizika kwa poliyesitala，聚丙烯ndi EPDM) amasankhidwa kuti achite izi, potengera zofunikira za kapangidwe ka magalimoto osiyanasiyana。
燃油系统和液压系统
开云体育台球橡胶payipi kwa dongosolo mafuta
Dongosolo lamafuta nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi thanki yamafuta, fyuluta, mpope ndi chitoliro cholumikizira。Chitoliro choperekera mafuta chikhoza kupangidwa ndi chitsulo，热塑性(nthawi zambiri polyamine) kapena mphira wolimbitsa。
1) Mphepo yamafuta
Pakalipano pali mitundu iwii yamakina operekera mafuta:化油器ndi pampu ya jakisoni wamafuta。NBR卡皮纳NBR/PVC (PB)亚卡哈拉ikugwiritsidwa nchito ngati guluu wamkati ndi CR ngati guluu wakunja wa payipi ya rabara yomwe imagwiritsidwa nchito mu化油器系统。Zinthu sizinas在mpaka mafuta omwe ali ndi chigawo chachikulu chonunkhira anagwiritsidwa ntchito。Mafuta amafuta okhala ndi chigawo chonunkhira kwambiri amayambitsa kusweka kwa NBR yamkati, yomwe imatha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi NBR ngati pulasitiki osatulutsa。
Pamene kutentha kwa chipinda cha injini kumakwera, guluu wakunja wa payipi yamafuta wasintha kuchokera ku CR kupita ku氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM) kapena三聚体ya环氧氯丙烷乙烯氧化烯丙基缩水甘油醚(GECO)， ndi kukana kwa ozoni ndi kukana kutentha kwa GECO zasintha powonjezera zomwe zili mu烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE) mu GECO。GECO tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mphira wakunja wa chubu lamafuta。Poyerekeza ndi CR ndi CSM, imakhalabe ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa ozoni pambuyo pochotsedwa ndi mafuta oyesera。
M'makina a jakisoni wamafuta, pali mitundu iwii ya payipi ya rabara: payipi ya rabara yothamanga kwambiri pakati pa pampu yamafuta ndi valavu ya jakisoni, ndi payipi ya rabara yotsika pakati pa chowongolera ndi tanki yamafuta。Rabara yamkati ya payipi ya Rabara yothamanga kwambiri imatenga FPM, chifukwa imakhala ndi mpweya wochepa wamafuta, kukana kwamafuta okosijeni komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri。FPM kapena HNBR idzagwiritsidwa nchito nati gawo lamkati la payipi ya rabara yotsika。Poyerekeza ndi FPM, HNBR ilibe mafuta osakwanira, koma mtengo wake ndi wotsika。Poyerekeza ndi NBR, HNBR ili ndi mphamvu zamakokedwe apamwamba komanso zowoneka bwino zakuthupi pambuyo poviika mu petulo wokhala ndi okosijeni。
2) chubu cha rabara chamafuta
Paipi yolumikizira yolumikizira kapu yodzaza ndi tanki yamafuta nthawi zonse imakhala yopangidwa ndi PB。Posachedwapa, mphira wamkati wa FPM trimer ndi payipi yakunja ya mphira ya GECO apangidwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mafuta。Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pankhani ya malamulo okhwima omwe akuchulukirachulukira。
3)软管拉巴拉yosasinthika
中部茶拉巴拉chosasunthika chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwezo monga中部拉拉巴拉lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamafuta化油器，ndiye kuti, NBR imagwiritsidwa ntchito nchito ngati mphira wamkati ndi CR ngati mphira wakunja。
4)控制rabara chubu (kulumikiza真空控制阀ndi吸气zobweleza)
Mitundu itatu ya zida za mphira zimagwiritsidwa nchito pa hose yowongolera, kutengera kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa nchito。Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa nchito, zinthu zikusintha kuchokera ku NBR/CR kupita ku GECO mpaka ACM。Mtundu watsopano wamtundu wa ACM wapangidwa, womwe uli ndi mawonekedwe abwino athunthu。
Zisindikizo ndi ma横隔板amafuta amafuta
该马夫塔mpope隔膜ndi mmene马夫塔mpope东哥索罗mu化油器东哥索罗。Pofuna kupirira kutentha kwa injini, diaphragm sayenera kukhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino mu petulo, komanso kukhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu。Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala NBR ndi PB zasinthidwa kukhala HNBR ndi FPM, chifukwa mafuta osamva okosijeni amafunikira。Kwa zisindikizo, NBR, PB, HNBR ndi FPM zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera, zotsekera ndi zosindikizira zamafuta。Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimadalira kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito。
Zopangira mphira zama液压chiwongolero
马液压chiwongolero ali ndi mitundu iwiri ya mipope ya mphira: payipi yothamanga kwambiri ya mphira pakati pa mpope wamafuta ndi bokosi la齿轮;Chipaipi chotsika cha rabara pakati pa齿轮ndi thanki yamafuta。M'mbuyomu, NBR ndi CR zinkagwiritsidwa nchito nati wsanjikiza wamkati ndi kunja kwa ma hose awiri a rabara motsatira。ACM kapena CSM tsopano imagwiritsidwa nchito ngati gawo lamkati la payipi ya rabara yotsika kuti ipititse patsogolo kutentha kwake。Paipi yatsopano ya mphira yothamanga kwambiri yopangidwa ndi HNBR yamkati yosanjikiza mphira ndi CSM yakunja yosanjikiza mphira ili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri kuposa payipi yam'mbuyomu。
Zopangira mphira zamakina owongolera mpweya
Pamene firiji ndi CFC12, mphira wamkati wa chubu la rabala ndi NBR ndipo mphira wakunja ndi CR.Tsopano firiji ndi mafuta opaka mafuta asintha, zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zabwino, ndipo payipi ya rabara yasintha kuchokera pamagulu awiri mpaka atatu。chiinda chamkati chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutsika kochepa, gawa lapakati limakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, ndipo kunja kumakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa nyengo。Mipaipi ya rabara yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano ndi zigawo zitatu za hose za rabara, zomwe ndi, PA ndi EPDM zosakaniza, IIR ndi EPDM kapena zosinthidwa za PA, IIR ndi氯化IIR (CIIR)。
Zida za mphira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa nchito posindikiza zosindikizira zoyatsira mpweya zimafunika kukhala ndi zosungunulira zambiri, zonse za CFC-12 ndi HFC-134a。Palibe mphira umodzi womwe ungathe kupirira mafiriji awiri nthawi imodzi, koma zinthu zosakanikirana zimatha kukwaniritsa izi。Zinthuzi zimatchedwa RBR (zosagonjetsedwa ndi mafiriji awiri)。
Makampani opanga magalimoto aika patsogolo zofunikira kwambiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana。Rabara yapadera yokhala ndi kukana kutentha, moyo wautali wiki, kutsika kochepa komanso kukana kuvala kwakukulu kudzagwiritsidwa nchito kwambiri pamakampani amagalimoto。
Nthawi yotumiza: 11-09-2022
