Irabha ekhethekile ithathe indawo yemikhiqizo yenjoloba evamile emikhakheni eminingi, ikakhulukazi embonini yezimoto, ngokusebenza kwayo okukhethekile nokuhamba phambili。Ngokwezidingo ezitile zezingxenye zenjoloba ezihlukene zezimoto, izinto ezihlukile zenjoloba ezikhethekile kufanele zikhethwe ngokufanele。
Amapayipi erabha anomfutho ophezulu wezimoto kancane kancane asebenzisa irabha ekhethekile ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu
Ziningi izingxenye zenjoloba ezisetshenziswa ezimotweni futhi zidlala izindima ezihlukene ezinhlelweni zezimoto。Isibonelo, i-tape isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa ukunyakaza, izimpawu zisetshenziselwa ukusekela izingxenye ezinyakazayo -radial noma eziphindaphindayo, ama-gaskets nama-O-ring asetshenziselwa ukuvala uwoyela noma uphethiloli, amapayipi enjoloba asetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi noma amagesi, futhi ama-diaphragm asetshenziselwa ukulawula。Uketshezi noma amagesi。Izidingo zohlobo nokusebenza kwerabha esetshenzisiwe zihlukile ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuhlukile。Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zikhethwe ngokuvumelana nokumelana nelangabi, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nokushisa, ukguquguquka okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomthamo wokuvala。Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezihlukahlukene zingakhethwa kudivayisi efanayo, ikakhulukazi kuye ngezinga lokushisa lohlelo lokusebenza, izinhlobo zikaphethiloli namafutha kanye nezidingo zomklamo wemoto。
Injini yemoto
Ibhande lesikhathi
Ibhande lesikhathi lisetshenziselwa ukushayela ikhamera ye-曲轴ukuze isebenze ngokuhambisanayo。Uma kuqhathaniswa neketanga lensimbi, ibhande le同步linganciphisa ngokuphumelayo umsindo wokuxhumana phakathi kwebhande ne链轮，alidingi ukugcoba, futhi linezici ze-lightweight。Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ingasetshenziswa futhi kuma-多轴驱动。EJapane, izimoto ezingaphezu kaka -70% zisebenzisa amabhande -synchronous, kuyilapho eYurophu, ngaphezu kaka -80% zisebenzisa amabhande -synchronous。
Ngaphambilini, ibhande le-synchronous yerabha lalimbozwe kakhulu nge-neoprene (CR)。Nokho, irabha ye-氢化丁二烯(HNBR) inokusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke isetshenziswe kabanzi kumabhande ezimoto ahambisanayo。Ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-HNBR kungaphezu kwalokho kwe-CR, futhi ine-modulus eyinkimbinkimbi ezinzile, Ukusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana ne-ozone, ukumelana nokuguquguququka okuhle kakulu nokumelana okuhle kukawoyela ebangeni elibanzi lokushisa。
Ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwetheyiphu, izinga lokumelana nokushisa kwe-HNBR liphakeme ngo-40°C kunalelo le-CR elimboza irabha ngaphansi kwesikhathi esifanayo sokusebenza。Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impilo yesevisi ye-HNBR iphindwe kabili kune-CR, futhi ukuqina kwayo kudlula i-100000公里。
Ama-seal nama-gaskets
Uhlelo lokuvala uphawu lusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi noma ezinye izinto。Ngezinye izikhathi insimbi, ipulasitiki noma indwangu isetshenziselwa ukwenza izigxivizo, kodwa ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa irabha。丁二烯(NBR)、丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、硅橡胶(VMQ)、氟橡胶(FPM)。开云体育台球
Amafutha enjini adinga impilo ende yesevisi, i-粘度ephansi (ukonga Amafutha)， ukugcoba okubushelelezi ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu, njll。Ngakho-ke, amafutha enjini ngokuvamile aqukethe izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene。I-NBR izolimala kakhulu endaweni yokuhlanza i-ejenti, i-抗老化剂kanye ne-抗磨剂，kuyilapho i-HNBR, i-FPM ne-ACM ingagcina ukusebenza okuhle kwamandla ngemva kokucwiliswa emafutheni aqukethe izithasiselo ekushiseni okuphezulu isikhathi侧。Nakuba amandla aqinile e-ACM ephansi, angakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kuzo zonke izithasiselo ngaphandle kwe-烷基磷酸ne-环烷酸铅。Izakhiwo ezingokomzimba ze-FPM aziphezulu, kodwa zinokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu nokumelana nowoyela。Amandla aqinile we-HNBR aphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwalawa marabha, futhi ukumelana kwawo nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene nakho kungcono kakhulu。二硫代磷酸锌。
Sekuyisikhathi eside imboni yezimoto isebenzisa i-NBR kanye nerabha kakhokho ukwenza ama-gaskets ezinjini, kodwa manje isebenzisa ikakhulukazi - acm ne-VMQ ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokumelana nokushisa, umthamo wokuvala kanye nokuqina kokucindezela。Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, i-VMQ ingcono kune-ACM ekuguquguqukeni kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokumelana nokushisa, kodwa i-VMQ izothambisa kakhulu ngemva kokucwiliswa kumafutha enjini isikhathi side。Ngokuphambene, i-FPM ne-ACM ayinakho ukuwohloka。
Ipayipi le-radiator kawoyela kanye nepayipi lokulethwa komoya
Ishubhu lerabha lerediyetha kawoyela wokugcoba kanye neshubhu yerabha yerediyetha kawoyela yakhiwe ikakhulukazi - nbr yerabha engaphakathi kanye ne-CR yerabha yangaphandle。Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa, irabha ye-ether烯氯化聚乙烯(ECO) ne-氯化聚乙烯(CM) nayo yasetshenziswa, futhi manje i-ACM ne-AEM isetshenziswa kabanzi。Ipayipi lokulethwa komoya kanye nepayipi lokungenisa kufanele kube nokuguquguquka okuhle, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumunca ukushaqeka, ukumelana nokuwa kwee -vacuum kanye nokumelana nowoyela。阿玛弹性体阿哈哈卢肯(阿法纳ne-CR, NBR/PVC, EPDM, ECO, CM, ACM)侃耶纳玛热塑性弹性体(njengengxube ye-polyester, i-聚丙烯ne-EPDM) akhethelwa le njongo, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuklama ezihlukene zezimoto ezahlukene。
i -燃料系统kanye ne-液压系统
Ipayipi lerabha lesistimu yamafutha
Uhlelo lwamafutha ngokuvamile lwakhiwe ithangi likaphethiloli, isihlungi, iphampu kanye nepayipi elixhumayo。Ipayipi lokulethwa kwamafutha lingenziwa ngensimbi, i-热塑性(imvamisa i-polyamine) noma irabha eqinisiwe。
1) Ipayipi lamafutha
Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zokuphakela uphethiloli: i-化油器nepompo yokujova uphethiloli。I-NBR noma I-NBR /PVC (PB) ibilokhu isetshenziswa njengeglue yangaphakathi kanye ne-CR njengeglue yangaphandle yepayipi lerabha elisetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-化油器。Isimo asizange sishintshe kwazaba yilapho kusetshenziswa uphethiloli onezakhi ezinuka kamnandi。Uphethiloli onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwephunga elimnandi uzodala ukuqhekeka kwe-NBR yangaphakathi, engaxazululwa ngokusebenzisa i-NBR enguketshezi njenge-增塑剂ngaphandle kokukhipha。
Njengoba izinga lokushisa legumbi lenjini likhuphuka, ingina yeglu yangaphandle yepayipi likaphethiloli isishintshile isuka ku-CR yaba i-氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM) noma i-三聚体ye-环氧氯丙烷环氧乙烷烯丙基缩水甘油醚(GECO)， futhi ukumelana ne-ozone nokumelana nokushisa kwe-GECO kungaba ngcono ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE) ku-GECO。I-GECO manje isisetshenziswa kabanzi njengerabha yangaphandle yeshubhu yerabha kaphethiloli。Uma iqhathaniswa ne-CR ne-CSM, isenokumelana okuhle kakulu kwe-ozone ngemva kokukhishwa ngamafutha okuhola。
Ohlelweni lomjovo kaphethiloli, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ikakhulukazi zamapayipi erabha: ipayipi lerabha elinomfutho ophezulu phakathi kwephimpu kawoyela nevalvu yomjovo, kanye nepayipi lerabha elinengcindezi ephansi phakathi kwesilawuli sokucindezela kanye nethangi likawoyela。Irabha yangaphakathi yepayipi lenjoloba elinomfutho ophezulu wegazi ithatha i-FPM, ngenxa yokuthi inomoya ophansi kaphethiloli, ukumelana kahle nophethiloli we-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu。I-FPM noma i-HNBR izosetshenziselwa isendlalelo sangaphakathi sepayipi lerabha elinengcindezi ephansi。Uma iqhathaniswa ne-FPM, i-HNBR ayinawo amandla okungena kuphethiloli, kodwa intengo yayo iphansi。Uma iqhathaniswa ne-NBR, i-HNBR inamandla aphakeme okuqina kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba eziphelele kangcono ngemva kokucwiliswa kuphethiloli氧化。
2) ishuhu yerabha yokugcwalisa uwoyela
Ipayipi lokugcwalisa elixhuma isivalo sokugcwalisa kanye nethangi likawoyela lihlala lenziwe nge-PB。Muva nje, i-FPM trimer irabha yangaphakathi kanye nepayipi lomjovo lerabha yangaphandle ye-GECO athuthukisiwe ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa ukungena kukaphethiloli。Lokhu kubalulekile kumongo wemithetho eqinile eguqukayo。
3) Ipayipi lerabha eliguquguqukayo
ishuhu lerabha eliguquguqukayo lenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo neshubhu lerabha elisetshenziselwa uhlelo lukaphethiloli lwe-化油器，okungukuthi, i-NBR ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengerabha yangapathi kanye ne-CR njengerabha yangaphandle。
4) Lawula ishubhu yerabha (i-valve yokulawula i-vacuum ne- vacuum歧管)
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezinto zenjoloba zisetshenziselwa ipayipi lokulawula, kuya ngezinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa。Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lokusebenza, impahla iyashintsha isuka ku-NBR/CR iye ku-GECO kuze kufike ku-ACM。Kusungulwe uhlobo olusha lwenhlanganisela ye-ACM, enezakhiwo ezinhle eziphelele zomzimba。
Ama-seal kanye nama-diaphragm amasistimu kaphethiloli
i -隔膜yepompo likaphethiloli iyisakhiwo esijwayelekile sepompo likaphethiloli ohlelweni lwe化油器。Ukuze imelane nomthelela oshisayo wenjini, i-diaphragm akufanele ibe nokuqina okuhle kuphethiloli, kodwa futhi ibe nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu。Izinto ezisetshenziswa ukuba yi-NBR ne-PB zishintshelwe ku-HNBR ne-FPM, ngoba uphethiloli ongazweli kwii -oxidation uyadingeka。Ngezimpawu, i-NBR, i-PB, i-HNBR ne-FPM ingasetshenziswa kuma减震器，ma-绝缘体kanye nezimpawu zikawoyela。Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zincike ekushiseni okuqdiile kokusetshenziswa。
Imikhiqizo yerabha yesistimu yokuqondisa ye液压
i -液压转向系统inezinhlobo ezimbili zamapayipi enjoloba: ipayipi lerabha elinengcindezi ephezulu phakathi kwephimpu kawoyela nebhokisi likagiya; ipayipi lerabha elinengcindezi ephansi phakathi kwebhokisi lika变速箱nethangi likawoyela。Esikhathini esedlule, i-NBR ne-CR bezisetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sangaphakathi nesendlalelo sangaphandle samapayipi amabili enjoloba ngokulandelanayo。I-ACM noma i-CSM manje isisetshenziselwa ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwepayipi lerabha elinomfutho ophansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokushisa。Ipayipi elisha lenjoloba elinomfutho ophezulu owenziwe ngerabha yongqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-HNBR kanye nerabha yongqimba yangaphandle ye-CSM inokumelana nokushisa okungcono kunepayipi lerabha langaphambilini。
Imikhiqizo yerabha yezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya
Uma isiqandisi siyi-CFC12, irabha yangaphakathi yeshubhu yenjoloba yi-NBR kanti irabha yangaphandle yi-CR。Manje isiqandisi namafutha okugcoba ashintshile, adinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingcono, futhi ipayipi yenjoloba ishintshile kusukela ezingxenyeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu。Isendlalelo sangaphakathi sinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokungena okuncane, ungqimba oluphakathi lunokungena okuphansi, futhi ungqimba lwangaphandle lunokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nokumelana nesimo sezulu。Amapayipi enjoloba asetshenziswa njengamanje ayizingqimba ezintathu zamapayipi enjoloba, okungukuthi, Amapayipi e-PA kanye ne-EPDM, i-IIR ne-EPDM noma ama-PA ahlanganisiwe, i-IIR ne-氯化IIR (CIIR)。
Izinto zenjoloba ezisetshenziselwa izigxivizo ze-压缩机zokupholisa umoya zidinga ukumelana ne-溶剂ephezulu, kokubili - cfc -12 ne-HFC-134a。Ayikho into eyodwa yerabha engamelana neziqandisi ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa izinto ezixubile zingahlangabezana nale mfuneko。Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi i-RBR (impahla imelana neziqandisi ezimbili)。
Imboni yezimoto ibeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zezingxenye ezahlukahlukene。Irabha ekhethekile enokumelana nokushisa, impilo ende yesevisi, ukuvuthwa okuphansi kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kuzosetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimoto。
isiskhathi sokuthumela: 11-09-2022
