Irabha ekhethekileyo ithathe indawo yeemveliso zerabha eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, ngakumbi kushinino lweemoto, kunye nokusebenza kwayo okukhethekileyo nokugqwesileyo。Ngokweemfuno ezitile zeerabha ezahlukeneyo zeemoto, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zerabha kufuneka zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo。
imibhoho eyahlukeneyo yerabha enoxinzelelo oluphezulu yeemoto ngokuthe ngcembe ithatha irabha ekhethekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza
Zininzi inindawo zerabha ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto kwaye zidlala indima eyahlukileyo kwiinkqubo zeemoto。Ngokomzekelo, i-tape isetenenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwentshukumo, izitywina zisetenenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwentshukumo, izitywina zisetenenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwentshukumo, i-gaskets kunye - o -rings zisetenenziselwa ukutywina ioli 开云体育台球okanye i-fuel, i-hoses ye-rubber isetenenziselwa ukuthutha ulwelo okanye iigesi, kwaye i-隔膜isetenenziselwa ukulawula。Ulwelo okanye iigesi。Iimfuno zohlobo kunye nokusebenza kwerabha esetyenzisiweyo ziyahluka ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo。Izinto eziphathekayo ziya kukhethwa ngokokumelana nomlilo, ukumelana neoli, ukumelana nobushushu, ukguguguququka okuphantsi kobushushu kunye nokutywinwa kwamandla。Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezahlukeneyo zingakhethwa kwisixhobo esifanayo, ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu besselo, i-fuel kunye neentlobo zeoli kunye neemfuno zoyilo lwesithuthi。
Injini yemoto
Ibhanti lexesha
Ibhanti lexesha lisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ikhamera ye-曲轴ukuze iqhube ngokuhambelanayo。Xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi yentsimbi, ibhanti ye-synchronous inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo isandi soqhagamshelwano phakathi kwebhanti kunye ne-链轮，ayifuni i-润滑，kwaye ineempawu zokukhanya。Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokguquguquka kwayo, inokusetyenziselwa i-多轴驱动。日本，ngaphezu kwe-70% yeemoto zisebenzisa amabhanti e-synchronous, ngelixa eYurophu, ngaphezu kwe-80% zisebenzisa amabhanti e-synchronous。
Ngaphambili, ibhanti ye-synchronous yerabha yayigquunywe kakhulu nge-neoprene (CR)。Nangona kunjalo, irabha ye-氢化丁二烯(HNBR) inomsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu, ngoko isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiibhanti ze-synchronous zemoto。Ukusebenza okubanzi kwe-HNBR kungaphezulu kwe-CR, kwaye inemodyuli eyinkimbinkimbi ezinzileyo, Ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana ne-ozone, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwe-flex kunye nokuxhathisa okulungileyo kwi-oyile kuluhlu olubanzi lobushushu。
Kuvavanyo lomsebenzi weteyiphu, inqanaba lokumelana nobushushu be-HNBR lingama-40°C ngaphezulu kunelo le-CR yokugquma irabha phantsi kwexesha lokusebenza elinye。Ngelo xesha, ubomi benkonzo ye-HNBR buphindwe kabini kwi-CR, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kudlula i-100000公里。
imimpawu kunye neegaskets
Inkqubo yokutywinwa isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuvuza kolwelo okanye ezinye izinto。Ngamanye amaxesha isinyithi, iplastiki okanye ilaphu lisetyenziselwa ukwenza izitywina, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa irabha。xii -oyile zokuthambisa -petroleum zisetyenziselwa iinjini kunye neenkqubo zothumelo, izixhobo zokutywina ngokubanzi ziyirubha ye- butydiene (NBR)， irubha ye-acrylate (ACM)， irubha ye-silicone (VMQ) okanye - fluororr开云体育台球ubber (FPM)。
I-oyile ye-injini idinga ubomi obude benkonzo, i-粘度ephantsi (ukugcina ioli)， i-润滑ephileyo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, njl。I-NBR iya konakala kakulu kwindawo yokucca i-agent, i-抗衰老剂kunye ne-抗磨剂，i-HNBR, i-FPM kunye ne-ACM inokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla emva kokucwiliswa kwioli equkethe izongezo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ixesha elide。Nangona amandla okuqina e-ACM aphantsi, anokugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile kuzo zonke izongezo ngaphandle kwe-烷基磷酸盐kunye ne-环烷酸铅。Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zeFPM aziphezulu, kodwa zinokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kunye nokumelana neoli。Amandla okuqina e-HNBR ngawona aphakamileyo phakathi kwezi橡开云体育台球胶，kwaye ukuchasana kwayo neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezongezo nako kuhle kakhulu。二硫代磷酸锌。
Kwangexesha elide, imboni yemoto isebenzisa i-NBR kunye ne-开云体育台球rubber ye-cork ukwenza i-gaskets yeenjini, kodwa ngoku isetyenziswa ikakhulu i-ACM kunye ne-VMQ ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokumelana nobushushu, umthamo wokutywina kunye nokuqina koxinzelelo。Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-VMQ ingcono kune-ACM kwi-flexibility ephantsi yobushushu kunye nokumelana nobushushu, kodwa i-VMQ iya kuthamba kakhulu emva kokuba ifakwe kwi-oyile ye injini ixesha elide。Ngokwahlukileyo, i-FPM kunye ne-ACM ayinayo ukuwohloka。
umbbhoweradiyetha yeoli kunye nombhowokuhambisa ummoya
yithubhu yerabha yokuthambisa iradiyetha ye-oyile kunye netyhubhu yerabha yeradiyetha yeoli yenziwa ikakhulu yirabha yangaphakathi ye-NBR kunye ne-CR yerabha yangaphandle。Ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana nobushushu, irubha ye-ether eneklorini (i-ECO) kunye ne-聚乙烯e-氯(CM) nayo isetyenziswe, kwaye ngoku i-ACM kunye ne-AEM zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi。umbhowokuhanjiswa komoya kunye nombhowkunungenisa kufuneka ube nokuguquguquka okuhle, ukuchasana kwemozulu, ukufunxa ukothuka, ukuchasana kwee -真空坍塌kunye nokumelana neoyile。弹性体(ezifana ne-CR, NBR / PVC, EPDM, ECO, CM, ACM) kunye ne-热塑性弹性体(ezifana nokudibanisa i-polyester, i-聚丙烯kunye ne-EPDM) zikhethwa kule njongo, ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoyilo ezahlukeneyo kwiimoto ezahlukeneyo。
i -燃油系统kunye ne-液压系统
umbhowerabha kwinkqubo yamafutha
Inkqubo yamafutha ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngetanki yamafutha, isihluzo, impompo kunye nombhobho wokudibanisa。umbhowokuhambisa amafutha ungenziwa ngentsimbi, i-热塑性(ngokuqhelekileyo i-polyamine) okanye i-rubber eqinisiw开云体育台球eyo。
1) Umbhobho wamafutha
Okwangoku kukho iindidi ezimbini zeenkqubo zokubonelela ngamafutha: i-化油器kunye nepompo yokutofa kwamafutha。I-NBR okanye I-NBR / PVC (PB)异异体isetyenziswa njengeglue yangaphakathi kunye ne-CR njengeglue yangaphandle -橡胶软管eset开云体育台球yenziswe kwinkqubo -化油器。Le meko ayizange itshintshe de kwasetyenziswa ipetroli enevumba elimnandi。I-petroli enomxholo ophezulu we-aromatics iya kubanangela ukuqhekeka kwe-NBR yangaphakathi, enokuthi isonjululwe ngokusebenzisa i-NBR engamanzi njengeplastiki ngaphandle kokutsalwa。
Njengoko ubushushu begumbi le-injini bunyuka, iglu yangaphandle ye-燃料hose itshintshile ukusuka kwi-CR ukuya kwi-氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM) okanye -三聚体ye-环氧氯丙烷环氧乙烷烯丙基缩水甘油醚(GECO)， kunye nokumelana ne-ozone kunye nokumelana nobushushu kwe-GECO kuphuculwe ngokunyusa umxholo we-烯丙基缩水甘油醚(AGE) kwi-GECO。I-GECO ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengerabha yangaphandle yetyhubhu yerabha yamafutha。Xa kuthelekiswa ne-CR kunye ne-CSM, isenokumelana ne-ozone ebalaseleyo emva kokuba ikhutshwe ngeoli yovavanyo。
Kwinkqubo yokutofa kwe-fuel, kukho ubukhulu becala iintlobo ezimbini zemibhoho yerabha yoxinzelelo oluphezulu phakathi kwempompo ye-oyile kunye nevalve yokutofa, kunye nombhobho werabha woxinzelelo oluphantsi phakathi komlawuli woxinzelelo kunye netanki yeoli。Irabha yangaphakathi yombhoho werabha wxinzelelo oluphezulu ithatha i-FPM, kuba inokungena kwepetroli ephantsi, ukumelana nepetroli ye-oxidation elungileyo kunye nokumelana nobushushu。I-FPM okanye i-HNBR iya kusetyenziselwa umaleko wangaphakathi wombhoho werabha woxinzelelo oluphantsi。Xa kuthelekiswa ne-FPM, i-HNBR ayinakukwazi ukungena kakuhle kumafutha, kodwa ixabiso layo liphantsi。Xa ithelekiswa ne-NBR, i-HNBR inamandla aphezulu okuqina kunye neempawu zomzimba ezipheleleyo ezipheleleyo emva kokuntywila kwipetroli eneoksijini。
2) i型油填充橡胶管开云体育台球
umbhowokuzalisa odibanisa i-cap yokuzalisa kunye netanki yeoli ihlala yenziwe ngePB。Kutshanje, i-FPM trimer irabha yangaphakathi kunye ne-GECO yangaphandle yesitofu serabha yangaphandle ziye zaphuhliswa ukuze kuncitshiswe ngakumbi ukungenwa kwepetroli。Oku kubaluleke kakulu kwimeko yemithetho engqongqo eguqukayo。
3) umbhowerabha oguquguqukayo
I-tube ye-开云体育台球rubber eguquguqukayo yenziwe ngezinto ezifanayo kunye ne-rubber ye-rubber esetyenziselwa inkqubo ye-fuel ye-carburetor, oko kukuthi, i-NBR isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njge -rubber yangaphakathi kunye ne-CR njge -rubber yangapathi。
4) Lawula ityhubhu yerabha (i-vacuum yokulawula ivalve kunye ne- vacuum歧管)
Iintlobo ezintathu zezixhobo zerabha zisetyenziselwa umbhoho wolawulo, kuxhomekeke kubushushu bokusebenzisa。Ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa lokusebenza, izinto eziphathekayo zitshintsha ukusuka kwi-NBR / CR ukuya kwi-GECO ukuya kwi-ACM。Uhlobo olutsha lwekhompawundi ye-ACM luye lwaphuhliswa, oluneempawu ezintle zomzimba ezibanzi。
Izitywina kunye ne- ms kwiinkqubo zamafutha
I-diaphragm yepompo yepetroli yininto eqhelekileyo yesakhiwo sempompo yamafutha kwinkqubo ye-化油器。Ukuze umelane nefuthe le-thermal ye-injini, i-diaphragm ayifanele ibe nokuqina okulungileyo kwio -petroli, kodwa ibe nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu。Izinto ezisetenenziselwa ukuba yi-NBR kunye ne-PB zitshintshelwe kwai - hnbr kunye ne-FPM, kuba i-抗氧化石油利iyafuneka。Kwiitywina, i-NBR, i-PB, i-HNBR昆叶胶fpm减震器，i-绝缘子昆叶胶油封。Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zixhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa elithile lokusetyenziswa。
iimvelisozerabha液压转向系统
Inkqubo yokulawula i-液压ineentlobo ezimbini zemibhobho yerabha: i-hose yerabha ephezulu yoxinzelelo phakathi kwempompo yeoli kunye nebhokisi yegiya; umbhoho werabha woxinzelelo oluphantsi phakathi kwebhokisi yegiya kunye netanki yeoli。Ngaphambili, i-NBR kunye ne-CR zazisetyenziswa njengomaleko wangaphakathi kunye nomgangatho wangaphandle wemibhobho yerabha emibini ngokulandelelanayo。I-ACM okanye i-CSM ngoku isetyenziselwa umaleko wangaphakathi我们-hose yerabha yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuphucula ukumelana nobushushu。翁博霍，omtsha, werabha, wxinzelelo, oluphezulu, owenziwe, ngerabha, yomaleko, wangaphakathi, we-HNBR, kunye ne-CSM, yangaphandle, yerabha, yerabha, inokumelana, nobushushu, kunombhobho, wangaphambili, werabha。
iimvelisozerabha kwiinkqubo zokupholisa umoya
Xa ifriji iyi-CFC12, irabha engaphakathi kwityhubhu yerabha yi-NBR kwaye irabha yangaphandle yi-CR。Ngoku i-oyile efrijini kunye ne- itshintshile, ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingcono, kwaye -hose ye-rubber ishin开云体育台球tshile ukusuka kumacandelo amabini ukuya kumacandelo amathathu。Uluhlu lwangaphakathi lunokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuphantsi, umaleko ophakathi unlinganiselo ophantsi, kwaye umaleko wangaphandle unokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nemozulu。iixube ye-PA kunye - epdm, i-IIR kunye - epdm okanye imixube ye-PA elungisiweyo, i-IIR kunye ne-氯化IIR (CIIR)。
Izixhobo zerabha ezisetyenziselwa umoya wokutywina amatywina omoya kufuneka zibe nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-溶剂，zombini - cfc -12 kunye ne-HFC-134a。Akukho sixhobo serabha esisodwa esinokumelana neefriji ezimbini ngexesha elinye, kodwa izinto ezixubeneyo zinokuhlangabezana nale mfuneko。Esi sixhobo sibizwa ngokuba yi-RBR (izinto ezixhathisayo kwiifriji ezimbini)。
Ishishini leemoto libeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu neziphezulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo。Irabha ekhethekileyo enokumelana nokushisa, ubomi benkonzo ende, ukunyanzeliswa okuphantsi kunye nokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu kuya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemoto。
Ixesha lokuposa: 11-09-2022
